In an acknowledgment of uncommon market conditions and their corresponding effect on defined benefit pension plan funding, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (the PBGC) provided a welcome one-time waiver for some underfunded pension plans under Section 4010 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). However, to qualify for the waiver, pension plan sponsors still need to timely notify the PBGC.
Nearly all employers offer eligible participants the opportunity to make additional catch-up contributions to their retirement plans. However, beginning in 2025, the SECURE 2.0 Act makes so-called “super-catch-up contributions” available to certain employees. Adding this new feature will require employers and their service providers to develop new processes to monitor various ages and limits and to audit that information to ensure it is properly applied.
In an open letter to Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen and IRS Commissioner Daniel Werfel, congressional leaders identified several technical errors in the SECURE 2.0 Act that they intend to correct. Although the letter indicates that Congress intends to correct these technical errors and ambiguities in the legislation, it does not address the timetable for doing so.
Section 603 of the SECURE 2.0 Act requires catch-up contributions made by certain high-wage earners to be made on a Roth basis beginning in 2024. But it also contains one of the most talked about technical errors in the legislation, one that resulted in Congress eliminating all catch-up contributions—for everyone. Not surprisingly, that isn’t quite what Congress had in mind.
The Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) Employee Plans Compliance Resolution System (EPCRS) allows employers to correct errors involving the maintenance and operation of tax-qualified retirement plans. The correction programs and options that make up EPCRS have, until now, been established exclusively in a series of IRS notices and revenue procedures dating back more than 30 years. However, as part of the SECURE 2.0 Act, Congress took it upon itself to radically expand EPCRS to allow employers to self-correct most inadvertent failures to comply with the tax-qualification rules under the Internal Revenue Code.
This Special Report discusses the history behind the creation of EPCRS, outlines some of its key features, and highlights how the growth and expansion of this program continues to improve IRS enforcement of tax-qualified plan rules by encouraging plan sponsors to establish practices and procedures designed to ensure compliance, thereby avoiding the harsh tax penalties of plan disqualification.
The SECURE 2.0 Act requires participants who earned more than $145,000 in FICA wages in the prior year from their current employer to make all catch-up contributions on a Roth basis beginning in 2024. For many employers, the primary concern is how to integrate the new rule with how payroll deductions for catch-up contributions are processed and then transmitted to plan recordkeepers.
Retirement plans often apply (and in some cases are required to use) multiple definitions of wages or compensation for various plan purposes. Given this complexity, failures to follow a plan’s definition of compensation are one of the most common issues experienced by retirement plan sponsors. Unfortunately, as drafted, the SECURE 2.0 Act only adds to that complexity.
Beginning after December 31, 2023, the SECURE 2.0 Act indicates that any plan that permits catch-up contributions must require certain employees to make their catch-up contributions on a Roth basis. Employers have expressed significant concerns regarding their ability to implement the necessary system changes—specifically to payroll and recordkeeping systems—by year-end.
In response, employers have begun to explore alternatives that might simplify implementation (or avoid the need to do it altogether). This has produced several questions about what employers can and cannot do.
Beginning after December 31, 2023, the SECURE 2.0 Act indicates that any plan that permits catch-up contributions must require certain employees—i.e., those whose wages from their employer exceed $145,000 in the prior calendar year—to make their catch-up contributions on a Roth basis. This change raises a host of questions about how the rule is intended to apply in practice and even more concerns about the operational obstacles employers will face in attempting to implement the change by year-end.
In this series of articles, we will explore the implications of SECURE 2.0’s changes to catch-up contributions and how employers should respond.
A new bill introduced in Congress would allow 403(b) plans maintained by tax-exempt organizations to make use of collective investment trust (CIT) investments. CITs are an alternative to mutual funds that may provide significant cost savings for 403(b) plans and their participants. The SECURE 2.0 Act took the first steps along this path by making amendments to the Internal Revenue Code to permit 403(b) plans to invest in these vehicles; however, that legislation failed to include the necessary changes to securities laws. The Retirement Fairness for Charities and Educational Institutions Act of 2023 aims to take the next steps by amending the Securities Act and the Investment Company Act to allow 403(b) plans to make use of CITs.
Subscribe
